Single copy DNA and structural gene sequence relationships among four sea urchin species

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Abstract
Measurements of the divergence of single copy DNA sequences among four sea urchin species are presented. At a standard criterion for reassociation (0.12 M phosphate buffer, 60° C, hydroxyapatite binding) we observe the following extents of reaction and reductions in thermal stability for single copy DNA reassociation between Strongylocentrotus purpuratus tracer and heterologous driver DNA: S. dröbachiensis 68% and 2.5°C; S. franciscanus 51% and 3.5° C; Lytechinus pictus 12% and 7.5° C. The implied extents of sequence relatedness are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships of these species. The rate of single copy sequence divergence in the evolutionary lines leading to the Strongylocentrotus species is estimated to be 0.06–0.35% per million years. The rate of divergence of total single copy sequence has been compared to that of structural gene sequences represented in S. purpuratus gastrula polysomal messenger RNA. When closely related species, S. purpuratus and S. franciscanus, are compared, these polysomal sequences are found to diverge at a lower rate than does the total single copy sequence. For two very distantly related species, S. purpuratus and L. pictus, a small fraction of the single copy DNA sequence is probably conserved. These conserved sequences are not enriched in their content of structural gene sequences.