Prediction of Metastatic Potential by a New Grading System of Cell Motility: Validation in the Dunning R-3327 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Model

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Abstract
Many grading systems for prostatic carcinoma exist; however, none allows pathologists to accurately predict the prognosis of individual patients. Examination of dead fixed histological sections of malignancies may not be the best way to predict the biological behavior of living dynamic tumors. We have developed a grading system that reproducibly characterized the motility of living cancer cells. In the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model, three sublines of high metastatic potential (>90%) were distinguished from four sublines of low metastatic potential (<10%). Individual cells from these sublines were correctly identified as high or low metastatic in 96% of cases by grading membrane ruffling, pseudopodal extension, and vectoral translation.