The Locational Geography of Advanced Producer Service Firms: the Limits of Economies of Agglomeration

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Abstract
To maintain its relevance for the analysis of economic ex-yuternalities and internalities rendered by locational behaviour andyspatial organisation of firms, the concept of ‘economies ofyagglomeration’ must be amended in two ways. First, its socio-ycultural content must be recognised. Second, the interaction be-ytween agglomerations and other spatial forms, in particulary'global networks of agglomerations', must be taken into account.yIf these two conditions are met, it becomes possible to disconnectyeconomies which are traditionally attributed to agglomeration asya spatial form, from this spatial form and to revisit the signifi-ycance of urbanisation economies for the location and spatialyorganisation of knowledge-based industries like advanced pro-yducer services. The relevance of reconsidering ‘agglomerations inytheir global networks' for the analysis of the economic geographyyof such services is illustrated for information technology con-ysultancy and executive search and selection consultancy firms.

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