A growth model for Trifolium subterraneum L. Swards

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Abstract
A simple deterministic model to simulate the time course of potential dry matter growth by subterranean clover swards in the field is described. Relationships used in the model were obtained mainly from experiments in temperature-controlled glasshouses and from measurements of rate of carbon dioxide exchange in an assimilation chamber. Canopy carbon dioxide exchange rates in the light and in the dark are calculated in the model from leaf area index, total dry matter, air temperature, irradiance and the crop growth rate of the sward. Photosynthates are distributed among different parts of plants according to empirical relationships. The model can estimate the potential dry matter growth of swards grown at different levels of irradiance and at different temperatures. Dry matter yield of a crop growing in the field without limitation of water and mineral nutrients can be predicted to within 20% for 100 days of growth. Potential dry matter yield of pure subterranean clover swards at Adelaide is predicted by the model to be strongly influenced by the time of cessation of growth. If the growth is terminated in the middle of October, an early start to growth as well as a high plant density will be advantageous for a high final yield. On the one hand, if the growing season extends until late November, there will be only a small effect of time of commencement of growth on final yield. The model suggests that leaf area index is an important determinant of dry matter production up to about 200 g m-2, and that increased maintenance respiration at a dry matter yield above about 600 g m-2 results in a decreased growth rate. The effects of variation in irradiance and temperature on dry matter production at different growth stages are assessed. It is concluded from use of the model that the effects of temperature on crop growth rate depend on the amount of dry matter present and on the level of solar radiation.