Surface plasmon polariton mechanism for enhanced backscattering of light from one-dimensional randomly rough metal surfaces

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Abstract
Recent experimental results of West and O’Donnell [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 390 ( 1995)] for the enhanced backscattering of p-polarized light from weakly rough, one-dimensional, random gold surfaces are compared with the predictions of two perturbative calculations of such scattering. The experimental surfaces were fabricated to possess power spectra that are nonzero in only a narrow range of wave numbers about the wave number of the surface plasmon polariton supported by them at the frequency of the incident light. As a consequence, enhanced backscattering that is due to the coherent interference of time-reversed scattering sequences involving counterpropagating surface plasmon polaritons is possible for only a limited range of values for the angles of incidence and scattering. The perturbative calculations used in the comparisons with experiment are the infinite-order calculation of McGurn et al. [ Phys. Rev. B 31, 4866 ( 1985)] in the small-roughness approximation and the small-amplitude perturbation theory of Maradudin and Me′ndez [ Appl. Opt. 32, 3335 ( 1993)] that is exact to fourth order in the surface-profile function. In both calculations the origin of enhanced backscattering is the coherent interference of multiply scattered surface plasmon polaritons with their time-reversed partners. The good quantitative and qualitative agreement between the theoretical and experimental results, with no fitting parameters, supports the conclusion of West and O’Donnell that their data demonstrate the existence of enhanced backscattering caused by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on a weakly rough random metal surface.