Naming and locating the tops of rotated pictures.

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Abstract
Subjects saw line drawings of common objects in various orientations and named them or indicated the location of their tops using a joystick. In the naming task, the function relating naming latencies to orientation was similar to that found in studies of mental rotation.sbd.the farther from upright, the longer the time to name. The naming data were compared with data from a mental rotation task. The slope of the function relating naming latency to orientation was similar to the slope relating reaction time to orientation in the mental rotation task. The rotation effect in the naming task was reduced after subjects had named each picture once, suggesting that mental rotation may be necessary to name unfamiliar stimuli only. The top location task produced a different relationship between orientation and reaction time. Upright pictures were faster than left, right, and upside-down pictures which did not differ from each other, and oblique orientations did not differ. Finding the top was faster than naming, suggesting that some orientation information is available before subjects can produce names. Such information would be necessary for subjects to perform mental rotation throught the shortest distance to upright.

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