Waiting for rewards and punishments: Effects of time and probability on choice.

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Abstract
CHILDREN MADE REAL CHOICES BETWEEN IMMEDIATE SMALLER AND DELAYED LARGER REWARDS, AND BETWEEN IMMEDIATE SMALLER AND DELAYED LARGER PUNISHMENTS. FOR 1/2 OF THE SS DELAY TIME FOR THE LARGER REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS WAS VARIED (1 DAY, 1 WK., 1 MO.), AND FOR THE REMAINING CHILDREN PROBABILITY FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF THE LARGER OUTCOMES WAS VARIED (P = .1, .5, 1). 1/2 OF THE SS MADE REWARD CHOICES BEFORE PUNISHMENT CHOICES, WHILE THIS SEQUENCE WAS REVERSED FOR THE OTHERS. AS EXPECTED, INCREASING PROBABILITY LED TO MORE DELAYED REWARD CHOICES AND MORE IMMEDIATE PUNISHMENT CHOICES. ALTHOUGH MORE IMMEDIATE REWARD CHOICES WERE MADE AS DELAY TIME INCREASED, PUNISHMENT CHOICES WERE INDEPENDENT OF THE AMOUNT OF DELAY TIME. MOREOVER, VOLUNTARY DELAY FOR REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS WAS ESSENTIALLY UNRELATED, SUGGESTING AT LEAST PARTIALLY DIFFERENT DETERMINANTS FOR THESE 2 TYPES OF CHOICE BEHAVIOR. FINALLY, SS WHO MADE REWARD CHOICES BEFORE PUNISHMENT CHOICES WERE MORE WILLING TO ACCEPT IMMEDIATE PUNISHMENTS. (20 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

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