Arteriography of Stroke

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Abstract
DESPITE improved techniques of study, increased sophistication towards interpretation, and more widespread utilization, a significant number of arteriographic investigations of patients with "stroke" fail to disclose any abnormality. A variety of explanations for the normal arteriogram in the patient with a clinical picture of occlusive cerebrovascular disease have been offered. These include: faulty clinical diagnosis, including arteriography of an inappropriate vessel1,2; occlusions of arteries too small to be visualized by arteriography,3,4particularly those supplying the internal capsule1,2,5; failure to visualize all of the proximal vessels2,5; delay in the performance of arteriography after the onset of symptoms, thus allowing emboli to migrate distally, or, less likely, thrombi to dissolve or recanalize6-9; and inadequate roentgeno-graphic technique, such as the lack of stereographic serial exposures,9,10improper positioning,7and overlap from external carotid circulation.10,11It has been implied that normal arteriograms are obtained most

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