Dynamic tuning of optical waveguides with electrowetting pumps and recirculating fluid channels

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Abstract
We have developed an approach for using electrowetting actuation in recirculating fluidic channels to achieve dynamic tuning of optical fiber structures. The electrically controlled and fully reversible motion of the fluids and lubricants in these channels alters the refractive index profile experienced by the optical waveguide modes of the fiber. When combined with in-fiber gratings and etched fibers, this fluidic system yields dynamically adjustable narrow and broadband fiber filters, respectively. The nonmechanical operation of these systems, their ability to support switching speeds on the order of milliseconds, and their excellent optical characteristics indicate a promising potential for electrowetting-actuated fluidic tuning in optical fiber devices and other photonic components.