Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Activity and Substrate Utilization in the Elderly

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Abstract
This study examined the effect of training on physical activity and substrate utilization in the elderly. Before the start, in week 6 and week 12 (T0, T6 and T12) data on physical fitness, physical activity and substrate utilization were collected in the exercise (11 males, 11 females; 63 ± 8 yrs) and control group (6 males, 5 females; 59 ± 4 yrs). Physical activity was registered with a tri-axial accelerometer and substrate utilization was calculated from resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) by indirect calorimetry. At T6 physical activity on training days was significantly higher than on non-training days (33.4 ± 10.3 vs. 26.5 ± 7.8 counts · min-1; p < 0.001). At T12, after adjusting for training activity, physical activity on training days was significantly lower than on non-training days (23.7 ± 8.4 vs. 28.2 ± 9.3 counts · min-1; p < 0.01). RER decreased significantly (0.02 ±0.03; p < 0.05), indicating a relatively larger fat oxidation. Changes in RER were negatively correlated with pre-training RER. In conclusion, in elderly an increase in structured training (exercise) is compensated for by a corresponding decrease in non-training physical activity. Training increased relative fat utilization in elderly with a high pre-training RER, whereas elderly with a low pre-training RER decreased their relative fat utilization.

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