Polymorphism in the nuclear excision repair geneERCC2/XPD: association between an exon 6-exon 10 haplotype and susceptibility to cutaneous basal cell carcinoma

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Abstract
Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) risk is mediated by interactions between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and host factors, including DNA repair efficiency. We investigated the association between BCC risk and SNPs in exon 6 (c.466C>A, dbSNP238406:g.C>A; designated C/A156), exon 10 (c.932G>A, dbSNP1799793:g.G>A; designated G/A312), and exon 23 (c.2251A>C, dbSNP13181:g.A>C; designated A/C751) of the nucleotide excision repair gene, XPD (ERCC2; excision repair cross-complementing repair deficiency, complementation 2 [xeroderma pigmentosum D]). XPD genotype frequencies were not significantly different in 509 cases and 379 controls, although AA156 (odds ratio [OR]=0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.37–1.01, P=0.052) and AA312 (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.40–1.05, P=0.08) were linked with reduced risk. A156–A312 and A156–A312–A751 haplotype frequencies however, were significantly lower in cases than controls (OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.05–0.31, P156–A312 was similarly associated with reduced risk in subgroups, including cases with no family history of skin cancer, with only BCC on the head/neck, and those with a high rate of increase in BCC numbers. The association was not dependent on gender, age, or extent of UVR exposure. A156–A312 was found in 6.3% of controls and the corresponding risk haplotype, C156–G312 (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.21–2.26, P=0.002) in 35.4% of controls. We interpret these data as showing that XPD SNP mediate susceptibility to BCC. Hum Mutat 25:353–359, 2005.