The Roots of Canadian Planning

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Abstract
Canadian community planning practice and institutions derive from both American and British influences, but the outcome of that combination of influences is distinctive. A strong corporate orientation emerges from the initial conditions for building cities, from the cultural milieu in which the agenda for planning was set, and from the constitutional circumstances that affected what forms of land use regulation were adopted. U.S.-type zoning coexists with U.K.-inspired development control, all in a context of paternalistic review of local decisions by provincial government. The planning process in Canadian communities tends toward a discretionary system operated by professionals leading to an emphasis on accomplishment and a pervasive bureaucratic character.

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