X-ray diffraction study of heneicosanol monolayers on the surface of water

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Abstract
We have studied Langmuir monolayers of CH3(CH2)20OH (heneicosanol) using x‐ray diffraction. Over the temperature range 7–55 °C, the monolayer isotherms show only one discontinuity, which may be either a ‘‘flat section’’ or a ‘‘kink;’’ we find that these are transitions between tilted and untilted phases. There are several untilted phases, with hexagonal and distorted‐hexagonal structures, as in monolayers of the corresponding (heneicosanoic) acid. However, in contrast to the acid, when the pressure is lowered the molecules tilt only towards a next‐nearest neighbor. The dependence of the lattice spacings on pressure and temperature indicate that the monolayer does not form a ‘‘tilted hexagonal’’ phase, even at temperatures where the untilted phase is hexagonal (rotator‐II).