The Kingdoms of Organisms

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Abstract
It is suggested that all organisms should be classified into 4 kingdoms rather than the conventional 2, particularly since the latter division[long dash]into plants and animals[long dash]has become increasingly troublesome. The 4 suggested kingdoms are: Monera, organisms without nuclei, with cells solitary or physiologically independent; Protista, organisms largely unicellular, with nuclei; Plantae; and Animalia. In proposing this division into 4 kingdoms, evolutionary, morphological and physiological criteria are used. The author discusses the first 2 kingdoms in detail.