Isoparametric elemetns for cross‐sepctional properties and stress analysis of beams

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Abstract
This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross‐sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross‐sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross‐sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.

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