Baseline Susceptibility and Cross Resistances of Some New Acaricides in the European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi*

Abstract
We have developed baseline susceptibility values for four new acaricides: bifenazate, acequinocyl, spirodiclofen and etoxazole for eggs or adult females of a susceptible laboratory population of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Further, we have tested diagnostic concentrations of each acaricide against populations resistant to organochlorine, organotin or IGR-type acaricides. Resistance to etoxazole (ca. 4-fold) was identified in populations resistant to the IGRs clofentezine and hexythiazox.

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