Molecular biomarkers in HNSCC: prognostic and therapeutic implications

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Abstract
The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) is influenced by many factors, such as performance status, TNM staging and pathological grading of differentiation. However, these factors are not sufficient for predicting outcome. Therefore, recent research has focused on the identification of molecular biomarkers. These markers help to stage patients in more meaningful prognostic groups and identify high-risk patients who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach. They also identify patients who are resistant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, potentially avoiding the morbidity and cost of ineffective therapies. They can also identify patients with a high risk of recurrence who may benefit from chemoprevention. Finally, these markers may serve as targets for novel therapies, which would eventually change the outcome of HNSCC.