Sensitivity of stomata and water use efficiency to high CO2

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Abstract
The observed responses of stomata to carbon dioxide are reviewed, and the interaction of other known factors on the sensitivity to CO2 are summarized. The role of stomatal response to CO2 is discussed, and it is argued that while the effect of the CO2 response in normal daily stomatal behaviour is presently poorly understood the stomatal response to CO2 will have major impact in improving water use efficiency in future CO2 atmospheres. However, the attenuation of this increase is emphasized so that increases at the crop level will probably be much smaller than those observed at the single leaf assimilation level.