Light Mediated Changes in the Chloroplasts of the Liverwort, Sphaerocarpos donnellii Aust.

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Abstract
Dark-grown plants of Sphaerocarpos, incubated in a liquid medium containing sucrose and mineral salts, have a much lower chlorophyll and N content than do light-grown plants. Two minutes of red light per 12 hr. is about 2/3 as effective in increasing chlorophyll and N content as is continuous white light. These red light-induced increases are mediated by phytochrome, as they are reversible by alternating exposures to red and far-red light. They appear to be related to differences in the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts. Plastids from dark-grown plants are full of starch and develop few lamellae, while light-grown plastids contain little starch and have many lamellae. The ultrastructural studies are supported by starch determinations which revealed a phytochrome-mediated decrease in starch content. The effect of white light in increasing the chlorophyll and nitrogen content above the level attained in red light-treated plants is not mediated by photosynthetic activity. These results are related to similar responses in other archegoniates and angiosperm seedlings.