Arthrokinetic nystagmus and ego-motion sensation

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Abstract
A compelling illusion of body rotation and nystagmus can be induced when the horizontally extended arm of a stationary subject is passively rotated about a vertical axis in the shoulder joint. Lateral nystagmus with the fast phase beating in the opposite direction to the arm movement was found consistently; the mean slow phase velocity increased with increasing actual arm velocity and reached about 15 °/sec; the mean position of the eyes was deviated towards the fast phase as in optokinetic nystagmus, and the nystagmus continued after the cessation of stimulation (arthrokinetic after-nystagmus). The existence of an arthrokinetic circularvection and nystagmus indicates a convergence of vestibular and somatosensory afferents from joint receptors. It is concluded that information about joint movements plays an important role within the multisensory processes of self-motion perception.