Thermal injury and death in an obligately psychrophilic yeast, Candida nivalis

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Abstract
Exposure of the obligately psychrophilic yeast, Candida nivalis, to temperature greater than 20[degree]C, its maximal growth temperature, results in a rapid loss in viability. Furthermore, many of the cells surviving heat treatment are metabolical-ly injured. Injured cells are unable to develop on a glucose [long dash] mineral salts[long dash]vitamins medium but are able to develop on a complex tryptone[long dash]glucose[long dash]yeast extract medium. Recovery of injured cells on the complex medium is due to the yeast extract component. Addition of cysteine, reduced glutathione, or thioglycollate to the minimal medium also enhances recovery of heat-injured cells. Additional evidence of heat-induced damage is the release of various cellular components into the suspending menstruum. These include inorganic phosphate, amino acids or short polypeptides, and nucleotide monophosphate. Leakage of these materials into the heating menstruum is not due to cell lysis. The correlation between leakage and loss in viability suggests that membrane damage is at least 1 factor which determines the low maximal growth temperature of C. nivalis.

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