Coronary Artery Disease but Not Coronary Calcification Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cardiolipin, Beta-2-Glycoprotein-I, and Oxidized LDL Antibodies

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Abstract
Background: Autoimmune factors have been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to correlate 5 autoantibodies (anticardiolipin, anti-CL, β2-glycoprotein-I, β2GPI, phosphatidylcholine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, oxLDL, endothelial cell) with the presence of coronary heart disease, angiographic findings, and with coronary artery calcification. Methods: The levels of the 5 autoantibodies and a control antifibroblast line of 126 coronary heart disease patients and 20 healthy controls were measured. Fifty-one patients underwent coronary angiography, and 98 patients had coronary artery calcium determination using spiral computerized tomography (dual mode). Results: Levels of 3 autoantibodies (anti-CL, β2GPI, oxLDL) were significantly elevated in coronary heart disease patients compared with controls (p < 0.001,p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Within the subgroup of patients with significant coronary artery stenosis, anti-CL antibodies were also elevated (p = 0.008). No correlation was found between anti-CL, and anti-β2GPI autoantibody levels and coronary calcium scores as measured by spiral computerized tomography. However, anti-oxLDL antibodies were raised in patients with no calcification detected by spiral computerized tomography, compared with the patients with any coronary calcification (p = 0.046). Conclusion: Anti-CL, β2GPI and oxLDL antibodies are elevated in coronary heart disease patients regardless of coronary calcification.