Fetal toxicity of cadmium in the rat: Maternal vs fetal injections

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Abstract
Fetal death in rats was produced by subcutaneous injections of CdC12 (40 μmoles/kg) on day 18 of pregnancy. The incidence of fetal death following these maternal injections was 74.9%, with mean (±SD) fetal cadmium burdens of 8.6 ± 4.4 nmoles. To separate maternal from fetal effects of cadmium, doses of CdCl2 up to 60 μmoles/kg fetal weight were injected directly into fetuses on day 18 of gestation. Fetal viability was then determined on gestational day 21. Following direct fetal injection, mean fetal body burdens of cadmium were 74.6 ± 34.8 nmoles, but the incidence of fetal death was only 11.5%. The high incidence of fetal death following maternal exposure to CdC12 is not solely explained by the direct effects of CdC12 on the fetus. Thus, the fetal toxicity of cadmium may be the result of some extra-fetal mechanism such as maternal toxicity or the observed placental necrosis.