Arctic Deep-Water Propagation Measurements

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Abstract
Experimental results of acoustic-propagation measurements made in the Beaufort Deep of the Arctic Ocean in April 1963 are given. Explosive source stations were made by light aircraft at distances of 3, 6, 9.5, 13.5, 26.5, 46, and 115 nm (nautical miles) from a manned camp where the signals from hydrophones in the water and seismometers mounted in the ice were recorded. From these measurements, and from ray calculations based on measurements of water temperature made during the experiment, the following were derived and are presented: transmission loss as a function of frequency, range, the relative energy content of signals from surface- and bottom-reflected rays; the relative effectiveness of hydrophones and ice-mounted vertical seismometers in detecting underwater sound energy; transmission loss in excess of predicted divergence loss.

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