Aetiology of Tumours of the Urinary Bladder

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Abstract
The current state of knowledge about the possible aetiology of tumours of the urinary bladder is summarised. An epidemiological enquiry at a tyre factory is described, where a hazard from antioxidants containing the carcinogenic compound beta-naphthylamine existed prior to 1949. An account was taken of the interrelationship between time and place of work, when outlining the dynamics of 33 tumours of the bladder occurring in the current or ex-factory population between 1948 and 1967. The majority (2/3) of the neoplasms were carcinoma (22); the remainder (11) were papilloma. In 15 out of 30 individuals there was conclusive evidence of exposure to the carcinogen as fume or powder. Handling the powder carried the greatest risk of developing a tumour, which was estimated to be between 7–10% of those involved. Among a population of 1,400 men at risk before 1949, when the hazard theoretically ceased, 10 cases of carcinoma of the urinary bladder were found (3.5 expected), in addition to 6 cases of papilloma (1.4 expected). Further analysis suggested that the position with regard to rubber workers only engaged after 1950 requires to be kept under continuing review.

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