Preparation, hydrolysis, and oral absorption of lactonyl esters of penicillins

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Abstract
Lactonyl esters of ampicillin and other penicillins were synthesized as prodrugs designed to improve the oral absorption of the parent penicillins. In general, the esters hydrolyzed rapidly in the presence of tissues including blood and certain of the esters were better absorbed than the parent penicillin. The phthalidyl ester of ampicillin was selected for extended studies. The compound was well absorbed in various animal species and gave ampicillin serum concentrations in fasting human volunteers 2.5-3 times those obtained for ampicillin itself.

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