Expression of KAI1 and tenascin, and microvessel density are closely correlated with liver metastasis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

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Abstract
Aim: To seek good markers to predict invasion and metastasis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma (GIA). Methods: Expression of KAI1 and tenascin were examined on tissue microarrays containing gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 98), colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 125), gastric adjacent non-cancerous mucosa (n = 95) and colorectal adjacent non-cancerous mucosa (n = 112) by immunostaining. Microvessel density (MVD) in GIA was labelled using anti-CD34 antibody by immunostaining. Expression of KAI1 and tenascin, and MVD were compared with clinicopathological features of tumours, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homology deleted from human chromosome 10) and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) expression. Results: KAI1 expression was higher in GIAs than in their adjacent non-cancerous mucosa (pConclusions: Up-regulated KAI1 expression may play an important part in malignant transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Reduced expression of KAI1 and tenascin might underlie the molecular basis of liver metastasis of GIA. Angiogenesis is a key event in the invasion and metastasis of GIA. These markers might be used to indicate liver metastasis of GIA in clinicopathological practice.