Towards caring machines
- 24 April 2004
- proceedings article
- Published by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- p. 1489-1492
- https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986097
Abstract
The perception of feeling cared for has beneficial consequences in education, psychotherapy, and medicine. Results from a longitudinal study of simulated caring by a computer are presented, in which 60 subjects interacted with a computer agent daily for a month, half with a "caring" agent and half with an agent that did not use behaviors to demonstrate caring. The perception of caring by subjects in the "caring" condition was significantly higher after four weeks, and was also reflected in qualitative interviews with them, and in a significantly higher reported willingness to continue working with the "caring" agent. This paper presents the techniques that contributed to the increased perception of caring, and presents some of the implications of this new technology.Keywords
This publication has 13 references indexed in Scilit:
- Hardware companions?Published by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ,2003
- This computer responds to user frustration:Interacting with Computers, 2002
- Computers that recognise and respond to user emotion: theoretical and practical implicationsInteracting with Computers, 2002
- BEATPublished by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ,2001
- Relational agentsPublished by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ,2001
- External manifestations of trustworthiness in the interfaceCommunications of the ACM, 2000
- Humor in task-oriented computer-mediated communication and human-computer interactionPublished by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ,1998
- Student motivation in middle school: The role of perceived pedagogical caring.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1997
- A model of empathic understanding and adherence to treatment regimens in practitioner-patient relationshipsSocial Science & Medicine, 1990
- Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989