Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements in refractory interstitial cystitis

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of long‐term sacral neuromodulation (InterStim®, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) in treating chronic pelvic pain associated with interstitial cystitis (IC, a symptom complex of urinary urgency, frequency and pelvic pain, often necessitating narcotics) refractory to standard therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty‐one patients (17 female, four male, mean age 45.5 years, range 17–68) with refractory IC with chronic pelvic pain were reviewed retrospectively. In these patients a mean of six previous treatments for IC had failed. All patients had had cystoscopy and hydrodistension to confirm their diagnoses. All had a permanent InterStim device implanted by one surgeon (K.M.P.) between 2000 and 2002, after responding to a temporary test. Data were collected from chart reviews and patient questionnaires. Intramuscular morphine dose equivalents (MDEs) were calculated before and after implantation.RESULTS: All 21 patients responded to the questionnaire; the mean (range) follow‐up after implantation was 15.4 (7.4–23.1) months. Eighteen patients used chronic narcotics before the InterStim and 20 reported moderate or marked improvement in pain afterward. The mean MDE decreased from 81.6 to 52.0 mg/day (36%) after implantation (P = 0.015). Four of 18 patients stopped all narcotics after InterStim implantation.CONCLUSIONS: Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements and subjective pelvic pain in patients with refractory IC. Further decreases in MDE are anticipated as dose reductions continue in patients who improved.