Influence of nicotine in cigarette smoke on acute ventilatory responses in awake dogs

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Abstract
To determine whether the acute ventilatory responses to inhaled cigarette smoke are affected by a difference in nicotine level, control cigarettes (low-nicotine research cigarettes) were laced with nicotine to generate an increase of 330% (mean) in nicotine content with little or no change in the levels of other smoke constituents. Acute ventilatory responses to both control and nicotine-laced cigarettes were determined and compared in 6 awake chronic dogs. Spontaneous inhalation of nicotine-laced cigarette smoke (10% concentration, 750 ml vol) via a tracheostomy tube caused distinct and consistent changes in breathing pattern on the 1st or 2nd breath of inhaled smoke: an apnea in 3 dogs, an augmented inspirationin 2 dogs and rapid shallow breathing in 1 dog. No significant change in breathing pattern was found immediately following inhalation of control cigarette smoke. Both types of cigarettes caused a delayed hyperpnea. The increase in minute ventilation induced by nicotine-laced cigarettes (from a base line of 2.8-a peak of 25.7 l/min) was significantly greater than that by control cigarettes (from 2.9-5.5 l/min). Nicotine is responsible for the elicitation of both the immediate and delayed ventilatory responses to inhaled cigarette smoke generated under our experimental conditions.

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