Changes in causes of death over time after treatment for invasive aspergillosis

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Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of response to invasive aspergillosis (IA) therapy has been challenging in treatment trials. METHODS The causes of death over 12 weeks were categorized prospectively by a blinded data review committee using a priori defined criteria in participants in a randomized comparative trial of voriconazole versus amphotericin B as first‐line therapy of proven or probable IA. RESULTS Death occurred in 98 of 277 patients during the 12‐week course of study. Seventy‐three of the 98 deaths (74%) occurred in the first 6 weeks; 25 deaths occurred during the second 6 weeks. Of the 73 deaths during the first 6 weeks, 50 (68%) were judged to be attributable to IA. Of the 25 deaths during the second 6 weeks, only 6 (24%) were judged to be attributable to IA. Fifty of the 56 deaths (89%) attributable to IA occurred during the first 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that most deaths due to IA occur during the first 6 weeks after the start of therapy and 6 weeks may be a better interval to judge the effectiveness of antifungal therapy because most deaths after 6 weeks are due to causes related to the underlying disease and its treatment rather than due to IA. Attributable mortality when assessed using a priori definitions and conducted in a blinded manner by a central data review committee can be useful in the assessment of IA therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.