Reduction of Crotonic Acid with Hydrogen on a Slurry Electrode

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Abstract
A slurry electrode system consisting of a suspension of metal or a supported metal powder in an electrolyte in contact with a gold foil electrode was studied as a hydrogen electrode for the reduction of crotonic acid in a supporting electrolyte of sodium p‐toluene sulfonate. Current‐voltage curves and current efficiency were studied. Effects of suspension concentration, crotonic acid concentration, butyric acid concentration, pH, and temperature were studied for platinum black and palladium‐on carbon slurries. The results are consistent with the view that the potential‐determining reaction is the discharge of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the catalyst. Olefin competes for adsorbed hydrogen and this modifies the observed potential. Very low anodic limiting currents were observed in the presence of olefin, suggesting that it is strongly adsorbed on the anodic hydrogen electrode. The following electrokinetic expressions were established for cathodic currents: (i) for 5% Pd on and (ii) for Pt black where is the current, is a constant, is hydrogen ion concentration, is crotonic acid concentration, is butyric acid concentration, is catalyst concentration, is the electrode potential, is Faraday's constant, is universal gas constant, and is the absolute temperature.

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