Juvenile roach and invertebrate predators: delaying the recovery phase of eutrophic lakes by suppression of efficient filter‐feeders

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Abstract
Two large pelagic enclosures were installed in a culturally eutrophic lake to assess the importance of predation by immature fish and invertebrate predators on efficient filter‐feeders. Predation pressure in the pelagic zone from invertebrate predators (mainly Cyclops scutifer) was similar to that from 2‐year‐old roach and led to suppression of the most important filter‐feeding genus Daphnia. Those predators thus may have a stabilizing effect on culturally eutrophic lakes, by maintaining the eutrophic phase beyond the predictions from spring nutrient values. To speed up the recovery of such lakes it is necessary to suppress both types of predators.