Localization of jointless-2 gene in the centromeric region of tomato chromosome 12 based on high resolution genetic and physical mapping

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Abstract
Abscission is a universal process whereby plants shed their organs, such as flowers, fruit and leaves. In tomato, the non-allelic mutations jointless and jointless-2 have been discovered as recessive mutations that completely suppress the formation of pedicel abscission zones. A high resolution genetic map of jointless-2 was constructed using 1,122 jointless F2 plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker RPD140 completely co-segregated with the jointless-2 locus and mapped in a 2.4 cM interval between RFLP markers CD22 and TG618. To chromosome walk to jointless-2, all three markers were used to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and contigs were developed. Intensive efforts to expand and merge the BAC contigs were unsuccessful because of the highly repetitive sequence content on the distal ends of each contig. To determine the physical distance between and the orientation of the three contigs, we used high resolution pachytene fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping. The RPD140 contig was positioned in the centromeric region of chromosome 12 between two large pericentric heterochromatin blocks, about 50 Mb from the TG618 contig on the short arm and 10 Mb from the CD22 contig on the long arm, respectively. Based on high resolution genetic and physical mapping, we conclude that the jointless-2 gene is located within or near the chromosome 12 centromere where 1 cM is approximately 25 Mb in length.