Role of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Testing in Heart Failure

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Abstract
The long-predicted natriuretic and endocrine function of the heart was demonstrated more than 20 years ago (1) by the discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide [atrial natriuretic factor, A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP)]. This led to the description of a family of structurally similar but genetically distinct peptides, constituting the natriuretic peptide (NP) family, which contribute to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. These looped peptides are the naturally occurring antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and of the sympathetic nervous system. They promote natriuresis and diuresis, act as vasodilators, and exert antimitogenic effects on cardiovascular tissues.