Resonant photoemission at core-level shake-up thresholds: Valence-band satellites in nickel

Three-hole satellites (3${\mathit{d}}^7$ final-state configuration) in the nickel valence-band photoelectron spectrum have been identified at 13 and 18 eV binding energy with use of synchrotron radiation from the MAX storage ring. The three-hole satellites show resonances at photon energies close to the threshold for excitation of 3${\mathit{p}}^5$3${\mathit{d}}^9$ core-hole shake-up states. The 13-eV satellite also shows a resonance directly at the 3p threshold. This is interpreted as an interference between the direct three-hole ionization and a shake-up transition in the Auger decay of the 3p hole. This shake-up process is also identified directly in the ${\mathit{M}}_{2,3}$ ${\mathit{M}}_{4,5}$ ${\mathit{M}}_{4,5}$ Auger spectrum.