The attainment of a substrate temperature of 25K in a Philips FM 300 electron microscope

Abstract
A description is given of how to convert a standard low-temperature specimen rod of a Philips EM 300 electron microscope into a continuous-flow device capable of reaching 25K when liquid helium is used as a refrigerant. The specimen exchange facility is retained. The temperature can be held steady for minutes at a time to 1 or 2K in the range between 25K and room temperature.

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