Lateral Flow Above a Sloping Water Table

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Abstract
The lateral movement of water above a water table has been studied under steady‐state conditions. The dependence of the capillary conductivity on soil moisture tension has been considered in making a theoretical analysis of the problem.Lateral flow was induced in a sand‐filled tank by maintaining a small difference in head between constant reservoirs located on either side of the sand‐filled tank. The experimentally determined values of hydraulic head and quantity of flow were then compared to the theory which considered the variations of capillary conductivity with soil moisture tension. The hydraulic head determined at various points of the flow section in the steady state experiment agreed approximately with values calculated from theory. The flow calculated from knowledge of the capillary and hydraulic conductivities agreed with the measured flow.The methods of numerical analysis which were used to develop the theory can be applied to other steady‐state flow problems involving variable conductivities.

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