Bilans nutritionnels chez le porc selon la nature de l'amidon (blé ou maïs) et la source de protéines (poisson ou gluten)

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Abstract
The apparent digestibility and metabolic utilization of 4 diets were compared using 32 Large White castrated male pigs (49 kg live wt-120 days old). The diets resulted from the factorial combination of 2 purified starches (from maize or wheat) and 2 dietary protein sources (fish meal or wheat gluten). The apparent digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, N and crude energy (measured in the feces) were significantly and independently affected by the protein source and the kind of starch. The apparent digestibility was better with gluten than with fish meal diets and better with maize than with wheat starch diets. The metabolic utilization of N was only affected by the protein source, i.e., was better with fish meal diets. The net protein utilization was higher in this case (fish meal diets) without any change in the metabolic utilization of the digestible energy. The nature of the dietary starch only affected the apparent digestibility of the diets. As regards the protein source, the best digestion coefficients but the worst metabolic utilization of N were recorded for the gluten diets. The poor growth of pigs with such gluten diets was dependent on both this bad metabolic utilization of N and on a lower intake of these imbalanced diets with a higher energy concentration. Comparison of these fecal apparent digestibilities with the ileal ones previously reported for the same 4 diets (Darcy, Laplace and Villiers, 1981), showed that the apparent digestibility of N measured in the feces was always higher than that measured in ileal digesta. The lower the N digestibility, the higher the feces-ileum differences. Comparison of N digestibilities of 2 different diets was much more discriminating for ileal than for fecal values.

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