Upconversion use for viewing and recording infrared images

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Abstract
The upconversion of 1.54-μm radiation to shorter wavelengths has been studied in CaF2 crystals doped with Er3+ ions. Experimental measurements of the intensity dependence and temporal behavior of the upconverted radiation give results in good qualitative agreement with a simple model of a cooperative luminescence process. Measurements with a silicon diode matrix array (DMA) of the spatial distribution of the luminescence from screens of CaF2 doped with Er3+, which were irradiated with an Er laser, showed that the resolution is not limited by the cooperative luminescent process but is determined by the granularity and/or thickness of the screens. Good results on 1.54-μm beam profiles were obtained with a computer-based image recording system incorporating the screen–DMA combination. A linear dependence on intensity without saturation of the DMA was achieved by interposing neutral density filters between the screen and the DMA.

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