Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. XXVIII. Factors Modifying the Release Rate and Extractable Quantity of Pheromone from Females of Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae)1

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Abstract
The following 3 aspects of female sex pheromone production and release were quantitatively studied, using a laboratory colony of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) : the amount of pheromone contained on and in the whole gland, the amount contained on the gland surface only, and the amount evaporated into the air from the gland surface after the gland was everted (exposed to the air). The whole-gland content and the evaporation rate were strongly influenced by female age and by unexplained population variation over several weeks and months. Time of day had no pronounced effect on wholegland content or evaporation rate. In an air stream moving 10 cm per second, mean evaporation rate was 7 nanograms per minute during the first 10 minutes following gland eversion. This evaporation rate rapidly depleted the amount of pheromone initially found on the gland surface (about 48 nanograms), and a considerably reduced rate occurred during the second 10 minutes of gland eversion. Evaporation took place more rapidly in an air stream moving 100, as opposed to 10, cm per second.

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