Photoreception and Locomotor Rhythm Entrainment by the Pineal Body of the Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae)

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Abstract
Eyeless red-spotted newts, N. viridescens, were able to synchronize their activity pattern to an imposed light cycle. This demonstrates the presence of an extraocular photoreceptor. Eyeless animals without pineals did not entrain to the light signal. Eyeless newts whose pineals were only partially removed also entrained to an imposed light cycle. The pineal body is involved in the entrainment response.

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