An Efficient Cryostat for Producing Temperatures Between 4° and 80°K: The Production of Liquid Hydrogen Targets Using Liquid Helium

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Abstract
The cooling of apparatus using liquid helium can be made a much more efficient process if the total heat content of the evaporating gas is used in addition to the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid. Two cryostats for use on very different problems which make use of this principle are described. The first cryostat was used to maintain temperatures between 4° and 80°K in an application with very high heat influxes. The second cryostat, made necessary by restrictions on the manufacture of liquid hydrogen, used liquid helium both to condense a liquid hydrogen cyclotron target, and to maintain the target at temperatures near 20°K.

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