Pulse Oximetry: Physical Principles, Technical Realization and Present Limitations

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Abstract
Tissue oximetry was one of the earliest applications of biomedical electronic devices to physiologic studies and patient monitoring, however, it was not until the recent development of transcutaneous pulse oximetry that the technique has enjoyed widespread application. The early work of many investigators has contributed to the modern pulse oximetry instruments. In this manuscript, the underlying principles of pulse oximetry as developed by these workers will first be examined, and the basic technical instrument that is widely used today will be described. As with any noninvasive patient monitoring technique, there are some limitations to its use, and the manuscript will conclude by pointing out some of these.

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