Between vapor and ice: Free water clusters studied by core level spectroscopy

Abstract
Core level x-rayabsorption and photoemissionspectra of free water clusters are presented. Core and valence photoemissionspectra show a weak but gradual change with cluster size. Comparisons to spectra of the isolated molecule and solid ice indicate that water molecules have a lower average coordination in clusters than in the bulk solid. X-ray absorption spectra reveal spectral characteristics between the free molecule and the bulk. These are compared to similar spectra of the isolated molecule and solid ice, and discussed in connection to calculated structures.

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