Sea‐Ice Indentation in Creeping Mode

Abstract
A finite element method of analysis is developed and applied to the study of global and local pressures generated on a cylindrical indenter during sea‐ice deformations in the creeping mode. Numerical simulations are performed under plane stress conditions to assess the influence of interface adfreeze and friction, material constants for a multiaxial power‐law creep model, indenter diameter, and ice‐sheet velocity on predicted pressures. The results are compared with those based on approximate methods of analysis. Stress, strain rate, and strain contours are obtained in addition to the distribution of interface pressures.

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