Effect of nonionic radiocontrast agents on the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with mild-moderate chronic renal insufficiency: Pooled analysis of the randomized trials

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Abstract
Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The recent literature contains numerous clinical trials with similar design, endpoints, and patient populations, describing the nephrotoxic effects of various contrast agents, which are higher with ionic vs. nonionic contrast agents. The difference in the incidence of CIN with nonionic contrast agents may be due to the number of benzene rings (monomer vs. dimer), iodine content, osmolality, and viscosity of the individual contrast agents. We evaluated the recently published data from clinical studies with nonionic iodinated contrast agents in patients with preexisting chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and report the results of pooled analysis of data from recent prospective independent studies of CIN with various nonionic contrast agents. Review of the recent literature revealed that the CIN incidence varies across the studies reviewed and the contrast agents used. The highest incidence of CIN was observed in studies using iohexol or ioxilan. Results of the pooled analysis of nonionic contrast agents (with more than one randomized study) showed a similar incidence of CIN after iodixanol and iopamidol in patients with preexisting CRI, while both agents showed a significantly lower incidence of CIN compared to iohexol. Since iodixanol is more expensive than iopamidol, this observation may be clinically relevant.

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