Immunofractionation of chromatin regions associated with histone H1°

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Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies, which were elicited against histone H5, bind to purified rat liver chromatin and to rat liver H1.degree. but not to liver H1. The monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on CNBr-Sepharose and the resulting immunoaffinity column was used to fractionate rat liver oligonucleosomes. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting experiments indicate that the nucleosomes bound to the column were tenfold enriched in their content of H1.degree.. Oligonucleosomes, prepared from the livers of either untreated or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated adult rats, were fractionated on the anti-H1.degree. affinity column. The DNA purified from the unfractionated nucleosomes, from the unbound nucleosomes and from the nucleosomes which were bound to the column was examined with various 32P-labeled probes. A slight enrichment in H1.degree. was detected in the coding region of the rat albumin gene. In contrast DNA which was bound to the column was significantly depleted in sequences hybridizing with total cellular RNA (which contains mostly ribosomal RNA) and with sequences hybridizing to the 3''-terminal region of a cytochrome P-450 gene, which is inducible by the chemical carcinogen 3''-methylcholanthrene, regardless of whether isolated from control or from carcinogen-treated rat livers. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that chromatin can be efficiently immunofractionated. The results suggest that the H1.degree. content of chromatin regions containing genes which are constitutively transcribed is not necessarily different from that of regions containing non-transcribed genes and that highly inducible genes may be segregated into chromatin regions which are depleted of H1.degree.