Assaying individual differences in cognition with molecular genetics: theory and application

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Abstract
A theoretical framework is outlined for assaying individual differences in human performance, based on identifying normal variations in neurotransmitter genes linked to brain networks involved in different aspects of cognitive function. The approach is exemplified by experiments showing that different variants of genes can be associated with individual differences in basic cognitive functions, such as selective attention, working memory and vigilance. A genetic association with performance on a more complex task is also described, specifically decision-making in simulated command and control. Molecular genetics provides an unprecedented opportunity for the examination within the same framework of both the neural underpinnings of human performance and of individual variation in cognitive functions. This will pave the way for further theoretical progress in understanding the basis of individual differences in cognition and in human factors applications to selection, training and interface design.