The Provisions on Closer Co‐operation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The Politics of Flexibility in the European Union
- 1 March 1999
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
- Vol. 37 (1) , 87-108
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00151
Abstract
The provisions on closer co‐operation are the main conceptual and procedural innovation introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam. This article examines the philosophy of the new system through a systematic review of the methods and the underlying principles. It then discusses the meaning and implications of this general mechanism of flexibility for the EU integration process.Keywords
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